Download PDF Just Giving: Why Philanthropy Is Failing Democracy and How It Can Do Better, by Rob Reich
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Just Giving: Why Philanthropy Is Failing Democracy and How It Can Do Better, by Rob Reich
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Review
"Inside Philanthropy's Philanthropy Critic of 2018""Surveying philanthropy from ancient Athens to the modern-day Rockefeller Foundation, and political philosophers from John Stuart Mill to John Rawls, Stanford political science professor Reich . . . mounts a wide-ranging critique of charity and the government preferments that subsidize it. . . . A lucid, thought-provoking analysis of the public impact of charity." (Publishers Weekly)"Critics take aim at government policy when it fails, in their view, to sufficiently encourage donations to charity. In Just Giving, Rob Reich . . . argues that a more fundamental question needs to be asked: Why should government policies encourage philanthropy at all?"---Leslie Lenkowsky, Wall Street Journal"In this erudite study, Stanford University political philosopher Rob Reich quotes . . . gems from the history of ideas to explore what he calls the 'plutocratic bias' inherent in large-scale philanthropy today. He treats readers to rich insights from enlightenment philosophers onwards who have criticised the assumption that mega-giving from the mega-rich is something to celebrate."---Linsey McGoey, Times Higher Education"An instant classic."---David Callahan, Inside Philanthropy"Reich judiciously weighs the philosophical pros and cons of tax-subsidised philanthropy."---Edward Luce, Financial Times"Unlike most studies of charitable giving, which focus on an individual's motivations or proper objectives, Reich investigates philanthropy from the perspective of the state and society. He seeks to make it a compelling topic for political theory, and in this he succeeds admirably. Anyone engaged in serious philanthropy needs to wrestle with Reich's analysis, and all will be made--appropriately--uncomfortable by what he has to say."--Larry Kramer, president of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation"Rob Reich writes with the precision of a political scientist and the perceptiveness of a philosopher, and in Just Giving delivers an essential treatise on the role of philanthropy in our democracy. By combining history, theory, and even-handed critique, Reich challenges us to wield the power of giving for justice."--Darren Walker, president of the Ford Foundation"Everyone sees the impact of big donors on political campaigns--but what about unelected big donors quietly experimenting with our schools and neighborhoods with taxpayer-subsidized money? In this revelatory, brilliantly argued book, Reich shows how crucial it is for a democracy to scrutinize philanthropy. Essential reading for anyone worried about money in politics."--Larissa MacFarquhar, author of Strangers Drowning: Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices, and the Urge to Help"Rob Reich (no relation) shows how, through the charitable tax deduction, philanthropy is subsidized by the public but unaccountable to the public. So as wealth accumulates at the top and as government reduces its support for many nonprofit activities, decisions by family foundations and wealthy individuals about whom and what to support pose a profound challenge to democracy. Important, lucid, and timely."--Robert B. Reich, author of The Common Good
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About the Author
Rob Reich is professor of political science and faculty codirector for the Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society at Stanford University. His recent books include Education, Justice, and Democracy.
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Product details
Hardcover: 256 pages
Publisher: Princeton University Press (November 20, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 069118349X
ISBN-13: 978-0691183497
Product Dimensions:
5.8 x 0.8 x 8.8 inches
Shipping Weight: 15.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.7 out of 5 stars
4 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#26,438 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
This book is extremely well-researched and informative, while at the same time being highly engaging and approachable. Rob Reich channels his years of research and teaching at Stanford, and his real-world experience and involvement with world-changing innovators and philanthropists to bring a unique perspective. It will inspire you and teach you, and be an enjoyable read!
Since I have been contemplating starting a non-profit for some time, this book sparked my interest. Can it be that philanthropy can “undermine democratic values and set back aspirations of justiceâ€? There are many foundations with millions or nearly billions of dollars in their coffers, and yet they have not cured cancer, AIDS and other problems they set out to fix. I have stayed in some awful shelters in a year I spent homeless, and non-profits running these places were clearly not interested in the well being of those who stayed there. And I have also volunteered for many nonprofits across my life, and have found that at all levels, top-to-bottom they are actively interested in doing and spending as little as possible on the issue they are tasked to address, and maximizing the money left over for executive pay, parties or other luxuries of having generous donors. I imagine that if I had the money, I could run a non-profit more efficiently, but what are the hurdles I would face in this ambition? Rob Riech’s (codirector of the Stanford Center of Philanthropy and Civil Society) cover argues that philanthropy at its worst is a “conversion of private assets into public influence. And it is a form of power that is largely unaccountable, often perpetual, and lavishly tax-advantaged. The affluent—and their foundations—reap vast benefits even as they influence policy without accountability… Charity, it turns out, does surprisingly little to provide for those in need and sometimes worsens inequality.†He argues that the solution is in the “decentralization of power in the production of public goods, such as the arts, education, and science.†One such suspect charity example is when the wife of a celebrity is running a charity and the celebrity gives his own money to support this charity tax-free, then the wife takes a large salary out of this money and distributes much of the rest of the incoming funds to friends and family. Thus, the celebrity does not have to pay taxes on a share of the year’s profits because it was filtered through this charity, but the money basically ends up in the same bank account (it might be half lighter, but that half might have gone to friends instead of the IRS). Nonprofits that sell scientific innovations that business owners funding them benefit from is another potential problem. And why do the biggest foundations spend so much money on entertaining potential donors? Why aren’t donors more interested in donating to nonprofits that are conservative in such spending, and do not waste money on entertainment? A glitzy ball and a well-dressed director must sell the notion that a nonprofit has the power to make positive change better than an organization lacking such fineries because it’s pumping every dollar into improving its shelters. These problems are most visible during disaster relief efforts, when the Red Cross and other organizations are paid millions to help, but barely deploy people or resources to do so, keeping the money in New York or Los Angeles or in the executives’ salary accounts. While in my imagination, I wish this was a book that addresses these problems in practical ways, so that we can all move on to creating solutions that will create an equitable and warmhearted world, the reality of what can be achieved in any study is typically sobering. This is primarily a book of political philosophy, so it sets out to discuss government and business policies about giving from a macro perspective. It is broken down into chapters on the types of institutional philanthropy, impact on equality, its political theory, the anti-democratic nature of foundations, and speculations on what philanthropy will look like in the future. Each chapter ends with a “Conclusion†section. In many ways, this book does meet my expectations, for example it expresses concern that Americans are skipping paying taxes on the $390 billion they donate annually to eligible nonprofits (10). A good deal of space is given to how foundations first came about, the meaning of the related words, and why they have become socially acceptable. One major point returned to is the 18/19th century resistance to foundations. But, this is troubling, as their resistance was for reasons like fear of “foreign invasion†and loss of the rights of heirs, or reasons that really might hint at illogical excuses that hid real sentiments that were anti-union, anti-charity and pro rampant capitalism without a social safety net (46). While I’m troubled by the idea of creating anti-charity policies, it is always useful to read well thought-out theories that examine the nature of anything, especially something as impactful as foundations. He also presents plenty of evidence for how foundations’ money is mis-spent, showing how a foundation near Stanford, the Woodside School Foundation raised $7,065 per pupil, while a Los Angeles Unified district foundation gathered a million, but only had enough to spend $2 per pupil (98). He explains that suburban districts’ wealthier parents give more to support poor students in their districts. It is troubling that the conclusion to this chapter begins thus: “A blanket prohibition on private giving to public schools is not necessarily the most justifiable public policy…†(103) This hardly seems to be a productive statement. Prohibiting giving charity to needy schools? Why? Are parents succeeding in paying for their students to receive better grades or otherwise corrupting the system? If the problem is that they’re just giving disproportionally to wealthier districts… is this really a serious problem? Then, there are spots of light again, as in the final conclusion that describes Zuckerbergs’ new “private philanthropic foundation†that was set up as a “for-profit entity, a limited liability companyâ€, thus avoiding “already modest regulatory requirements concerning annual reporting of grant making and prohibitions on political giving… LLCs can engage in charitable grant making, invest in start-up companies, and direct their funds toward political advocacy and electioneering†(199). In other words, this book is difficult to peg. One second, it’s against all foundations, then it’s rallying for them. It’s criticizing corruption, and then sees good in what some foundations are doing. Then again, since the author directs a philanthropy center, it would be strange if it was entirely anti-foundational. It is a digressive and difficult read, but it is focused on delivering mini-points throughout. It is well-written with plenty of supporting evidence, and interesting philosophical discussions. Thus, this book should not be assigned in undergraduate classes, but can best be utilized by policy-makers who want to find out about the different perspectives on this issue. Researchers into foundations will find a broad review of the history of this subject and ideas from its critics and supporters.Pennsylvania Literary Journal: Fall 2018
In short, this book is a great read.On the one hand, it’s a great vehicle for sparking big-picture discussions about such oft-challenging and abstract concepts as justice, fairness, power, and democracy in general. And on the other hand, it explores the real-world issue of philanthropy and related policy which needs to be addressed and, somewhat surprisingly, hasn’t been examined in a rigorous, accessible manner…until now.The writing is clear and well-cited. And it’s a great example, too, of good, rigorous thinking. Even (maybe, even, especially) if you disagree with the argument laid out in this book, it’s well worth examining through this lens and considering what we all might be missing in hopes of creating a more just society.All the while, Reich not just frames the problem but puts forth a solution rooted in policy as a means for allowing and encouraging philanthropy and charitable giving in a way that avoid the injustices he lays out.So, read this book to think about something new; to more deeply consider what it means for a democracy to be truly democratic, and to get a glimpse at how an expert in the field might challenge and enlighten your current ideas on the topic.
A terrific analysis of the democratic costs and opportunities of philanthropy. This book could not come at a better moment, not deliver a more important prescription for "where next". A great read. Highly recommended.
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